Analysis of the Water–Energy Nexus of Treated Wastewater Reuse at a Municipal Scale

Treated wastewater has the potential to be a feasible alternative supply non-potable uses and avoid water scarcity in urban areas, but it is important understand compare associated energy consumption CO2 emissions. This study presents comparative analysis of water–energy nexus with traditional reuse treated wastewater, both for purposes. A case Portuguese municipality was considered, regarding golf course irrigation municipal gardens irrigation. balance between production demand established, emissions were calculated considering drinking wastewater. Three scenarios defined analyze different configurations end-uses: (1) supply, (2) (3) simultaneous quality also carried out by comparing records from discharged parameters limits presented legislation each proposed use. The results show that all present significant annual savings using instead public network, especially 1 3, consider (water costs decrease about 60,000.00 EUR/year). Regarding nexus, this reveals spends less on its produces fewer can reach an average value kWh/year, 5300 kg emitted best scenario.